Thursday, 12 September 2013

12. Genre Research 3: Conventions of Pop Music Video

There are various conventions of Pop Music Videos:

1. There is usually a link between the lyrics being sung, and the visuals that we see on screen. 

2. There is usually a link between the editing and the visuals, like when a music video is cut to the beat of the song. 



3. There is usually high key lighting and bright colours. This attracts attention and drags the audience in. 

4. The costume in the video will be whatever is currently fashionable. This attracts a younger and stereotypically 'cooler' audience. 



5. The artists in the video are usually young, this is so their audience can relate to them. 




6. Most pop music videos contain a concept/narrative based on love. 




7. There are often references to both the artist and the name of the song to remind the audience of what they are about. 

8. The artist is often shown performing at at least one point during the video. 

9. There are often close ups of the artists face in pop video, this is so the audience gets a real connection with the artist.



10. Artists sometimes feature a recurring motif in their videos which makes them recognisable. This could be an item of clothing or a physical feature. 





11. Genre Research 2: Music Videos from the Pop Genre




















The video opens showing us the band instrumentally playing the beginning of their song in a stereotypical band set up. They are based on the top of a building overlooking a city at either sunrise or sunset. The lighting is low key and we cannot see the bands faces immediately which makes them seem mysterious and interesting. The camerawork is very simple: a long shot and the editing is very slow paced at this point, however this could change at the video progresses.


As I guessed, the video progresses and the editing speeds up. We also begin to see a range of camera shots including, long shots, mid shots and close ups. This makes the video more aesthetically pleasing for the audience. Furthermore, the mise en scene develops in the video and the setting is revealed: a dark and dingy flat in a tower block, also we get to see how the band members are dressed, which is how I expected and adheres to the genre of alternative rock: dark skinny clothing and messy hair.


Location change is very conventional for any music video and this is what we begin to see here as the band members go from being in a bedroom into being in a bar. The cinematography in the video is very clever because it slides from shot to shot rather than cutting and because the band are in a domestic environment it seems as if we are 'looking through the keyhole' and getting an insight into their lives. The fact that the video flicks between being in black and white and in colour makes it more interesting for the audience.


As the video begins to draw to a close, we are shown for longer periods of time the band lip syncing, gesturing, dancing and playing their instruments. This gives the audience a clear idea about the band and their image/the genre they are trying to portray. The clothes that they wear when performing are either black or very dark colours and give connotations of sadness, betrayal and link with the lyrics they are singing about. Furthermore, this is the final position that we see the band in therefore it is made the most memorable and gives the clearest representation of alternative rock music.



This is the opening for the 'Pompeii' video by Bastille. We immediately see an extreme long shot of one of the band members standing on the top of a large wall or building. They are in the middle of what seems like it should be a busy place but he is standing and staring into space before the music even starts. After about 10 seconds, the video cuts to a close up of his face and the name of the song and band appear on screen. This is a very good way to remind the audience of the band and they are already begin to establish themselves before the song even starts.


As the music starts we begin to understand the narrative that is being portrayed. We see the man look over across into the city but he is in a derelict building, which emphasises the idea of being alone. The cinematography begins to vary from this point onwards and we see long shots, extreme long shots, over the shoulder shots and close ups. Furthermore, we also notice that the editing isn't as fast paced as, for example, a pop music video and this could be because of the speed of the song and the more laid back mood that it has.


It is a bit unusual that everywhere this man goes is empty when he is visiting places that are usually filled with people. This conveys a eerie and scary mood. However, we begin to understand why is in such a panic to get away from all these places (which we are able to tell from the fast paced editing) when we see the two women look up at him in the arcade. The fact that the women are alive but it seems like they are not actually within their bodies could be a reflection of the lyric: 'If you close your eyes, does it almost feel like nothing changed at all'.


Location change is vital in order to make a music video both gripping and interesting and this video manages to show this brilliantly. However, what makes it even better is that they decide to flick between day and night to show how threatening the location looks at night and how normal it looks during the day. The costume that the man is wearing is very simple and doesn't draw any immediate attention, which adheres to the genre of video that has been created.


According to Goodwin's theory, Charlie Brown by Coldplay would be an illustration video because there isn't actually a clear concept or narrative that runs through to create meaning. However, something we do notice is the extreme close ups of actions being made by the people in the video (such as opening windows and putting on shoes) alongside the immediate fast paced editing which lets us know the song is going to be upbeat and the video exciting for the audience to watch. This video matches very well to the Mylo Xyloto album cover where this song originated from. 


45 seconds into the video is when the artist appears for the first time, this could have been confusing for the audience. Furthermore, the mise en scene is always gripping and interesting because of the setting of the music video (which is a nightclub, full of people and colour) which is consistently cross cut between a concept that we are not yet aware of as the audience. Unusually, the lyrics are not the main focus for the video and it is more about the music behind the lyrics which is constantly made to be the main focus.


This part of the video is very important for the audience because it is what it has been building up too. We wonder as the audience where the girl with the curly hair is heading for the first two minutes of the video and when it is finally revealed it is as if the audience can  relax and be at ease with the situation. Furthermore, the setting for the video is not exactly conventional of the genre but it works really well. Again, the costume that the band and characters are wearing do not draw immediate attention, but still manage to show their personalities. Finally, I think it is a good representation of an alternative rock music video.

14. Record Label Research



Island Records:


History: Island Records is a record label that was founded by Chris Blackwell and Graeme Goodall in Jamaica. It was based in the United Kingdom for many years and is now owned by Universal Music Group. The company relocated to the UK in May 1962. Graeme Goodall left to start Doctor Bird (another record label) in 1965. Until Blackwell sold the label to PolyGram in 1989, Island was the largest indie record label in history. Island had a major influence on the progressive music scene of the UK in the early 1970s.
Artists: Jessie J, Amy Winehouse, Stevie Wonder, The Wanted, Disclosure and McFly. 
Promotional material: Island Records uses various promotional advertisement materials to ensure their consistent success, this is even more important since they have grown in size and media publicity over the last decade. 
Location: Kensington High Street (London) and New York (America). 
Division: Island Def Jam Music Group. 
Year established: 1959
Parent company: Universal Music. 

Island Records would be a good choice for my artist because they are a well established and popular record label that musicians aspire to be signed too. Because Island Records are not specific to genre, a pop artist would be good for them to broaden their horizons and they would definitely do well being signed to Island Records.


XL Recordings:


History: XL Recordings is a British independent record label owned by Richard Russell. It originated as a 1989 offshoot of Beggars Banquet Records. The label was released in 1989 mainly to work with rave, dance and rock music. 
Artists: Adele, The XX, Friendly Fires, Radiohead, Jack Penate and Vampire Weekend. 
Promotional material: As they are an independent label they do not really feel the need to advertise, however they have become more well-known due to the success of Adele which has led to widespread publication in the media. Adele is their most well known and successful artist to this date.
Location: They have bases in both London and New York. 
Year established: 1989
Parent company: Independent. 

XL Recordings would be a good choice of record label for my artist because they are independent, which means they know that they have to work hard to get artists out there and correctly publicised. Furthermore, XL Recordings have had dealings with Adele, one of the most successful pop artists in the world.



Syco Entertainment:



History: Syco Entertainment is a joint venture between Simon Cowell and Sony Music. It does not only focus on music, but television, film and digital content. Cowell and Sony each own 50% of the business. Syco Entertainment is primarily operate in the United Kingdom and feeds from artists off of The X Factor and Got Talent, which are two of the largest television formats in the world. Key people behind Syco are Simon Cowell, Charles Garland and Nigel Hall. 

Artists: Olly Murs, JLS, One Direction, Cher Lloyd and Labrinth. 

Promotional material: As the majority of their artists are already well known when they are signed because of either The X Factor or Got Talent. Syco choose to promote their artists when their careers have developed and people need to be reminded of the material that they are releasing. 

Location: They are mainly based in London but have bases in Los Angeles as well. 

Year established: 2002 

Parent company: Sony


Syco Entertainment would be a good choice of record label for my artist because most of their artists work revolve around the pop genre therefore they are experts on target audiences and what makes an artist individual yet successful. 

10. Genre Research 1: Mood Board

These are two different mood boards that my group put together that show our interpretations of pop music. The first mood board shows pop artists that people wouldn't necessarily associate with pop such as Panic! At The Disco, Coldplay and Ellie Goulding. The second mood board, however shows us artists that we would immediately associate with pop such as Katy Perry, Justin Bieber and Taylor Swift. The second mood board is more relevant to our chosen genre and is what we are going to focus on because the conventions will be easier to follow. Some specific conventions of the pop genre that we are going to follow in our own pop music video are cutting to the beat, looking into the camera, using bright colours and most important of all, making sure that our video is exciting, upbeat and consistently interesting throughout. 




Tuesday, 10 September 2013

13. CD Cover Research (Pop)

The generic features of all CD covers are:
  • The name of the album
  • The name of the artist/band 
  • A photograph of the artist/band 
  • A bar code 
  • A spine (which also often has the name of the artist and album again) 
These are some individual analysis' that I done of Coldplay: 'Mylo Xyloto, The Wanted 'Battleground' and The Fray 'Scars and Stories' and their album covers: 




Monday, 9 September 2013

9. Theory Two- Andrew Goodwin: Dancing in the Distraction Factory (1992)

Andrew Goodwin had a theory that pop music videos were either one of three possible types. Illustration, amplification or disjuncture.

Illustration:

Music: Always cut on the beat.

Lyrics: Images illustrate the literal meaning or feelings of the lyrics, often the band sings and dances.

Image: The band will often sing, dance, play instruments and wear costume that is expected of them.

For example: The Way (Ariana Grande ft. Mac Miller):

  • The artist sings (lip syncs), gestures and dances during the video
  • The video is cut to the beat. 
  • The artists are dressed just as we expect them to be dressed.



Amplification:

Music: Film cuts on the beat but also off to emphasise specific features.

Lyrics: Images amplify the lyrics, a specific narrative may be used that wouldn't be picked up from the lyrics only.

Image: The band will probably take on fictional roles/characters that adhere to the concept or narrative.

For example: Last Friday Night (Katy Perry):

  • Fictional characters are taken on in the video
  • The actions in the video amplify the lyrics that they are lip syncing too. 
  • The concept/narrative that runs through could be interpreted in different ways. 




Disjuncture:

Music: Film cuts off the beat. Sometimes the sign of a bad music video.

Lyrics: Images which do not relate to the lyrics used, this is sometimes used by bands who are well established and can afford to take risks within their work.

Image: An image that is completely unrelated is taken on by the band/artist.

For example: Da Funk (Daft Punk):

  • The video is not cut to the beat. 
  • The artists do not appear in the video (and if they do, this is not made clear).
  • There is only dialogue throughout the video, no singing or lip syncing. 



8. Theory One- Carol Vernallis: The Kindest Cut (Function and Meaning in Music Video Editing)



Vernallis analysed editing in music video and Hollywood Film and the differences between them.

Music Videos:

  • The concepts/narrative intertwine and obscure paths. 
  • The order of the shots is unconventional. They shift more freely and there is no 'typical order'. 
  • Time, space and character are revealed completely.
  • Discontinuity: Pop video usually draws us away from the narrative by foregrounding other structures.
  • Visual hooks create continuity. Non-continuous shots are linked by a single feature, unified by shape,   setting, colour, etc.
  • Sometimes all visual hooks are equal but sometimes one is dominant. 
Shots of the artist will encourage us to piece a phantasmagorical body (a body made up in our mind of all the bits that we see). An example of this is seen in Jessie J's video 'Domino', as when the camera focuses on certain parts of her (such as her arms, legs and nails) this isn't necessarily her, we just imagine it to be.
Hollywood Film:
  • There is a clear narrative running throughout. 
  • The order of the shots is conventional. There is a typical order and at times you can predict what is going to happen.
  • Time, space and character aren't always immediately revealed. 
  • Continuity: Hollywood Film usually draws into the narrative. 
  • Sometimes all visual hooks are equal but sometimes one is dominant.